Which of the following is characterized by dry, rough skin resulting from continuous irritation?

The correct answer is characterized by dry, rough skin due to continuous irritation. This condition is often seen as a thickening of the skin, usually resulting from prolonged scratching or friction. In conditions such as eczema or dermatitis, the skin becomes lichenified as a response to the ongoing irritation, leading to a texture that is not only rough but also often visibly altered in appearance. This results from an increase in skin cell turnover and can indicate an underlying issue with skin protection and hydration.

In contrast, fissures refer to cracks or splits in the skin that can develop due to dryness but are not defined by the continuous inflammation or thickening of the skin. Keloids are raised scars that form at the site of an injury and result from excessive collagen production, rather than irritation leading to roughness. Pustules are small, raised bumps filled with fluid or pus, commonly seen in acne, but they do not characterize dry, rough skin resulting from irritation. Thus, lichenification effectively describes the chronic changes that occur in response to ongoing skin irritation.